Steam Turbine Parts

1. Rotor

• Blades: Mounted on the rotor shaft, these are the primary components that extract energy from the steam.
  • Moving Blades: Positioned around the circumference of the rotor, these blades are curved to efficiently convert the kinetic energy of steam into mechanical energy.
  • Fixed Blades (Nozzles or Guide Vanes): Stationary blades that direct and control the flow of steam onto the moving blades.

2. Casing

• Cylinder: Houses the rotor and stator components.
  • Inner Casing: Surrounds the rotor and provides structural support.
  • Outer Casing: Encloses the inner casing and serves as a barrier against environmental elements.

3. Stator

• Diaphragms: Fixed structures that support the fixed blades and direct steam flow between stages.
  • Interstage Seals: Prevents steam leakage between different stages of the turbine.
  • Labyrinth Seals: Minimize steam leakage along the rotor shaft.

4. Bearings

• Journal Bearings: Support the weight of the rotor shaft and allow it to rotate smoothly.
  • Thrust Bearings: Resist axial forces generated by the steam flow.

5. Shaft System

• Rotor Shaft: Transfers rotational energy from the turbine to the generator.
  • Couplings: Connects the rotor shaft to other components such as the generator shaft.

6. Governor System

• Control Valves: Regulate the flow of steam into the turbine to control power output.
• Governor Mechanism: Monitors and adjusts turbine speed based on electrical demand.

7. Lubrication System

• Oil System: Provides lubrication to bearings and other moving parts to reduce friction and wear.

8. Instrumentation and Control

• Sensors: Monitor parameters such as temperature, pressure, and vibration for safe and efficient operation.
• Control System: Regulates turbine operation based on feedback from sensors and operator inputs.

9. Cooling System

• Steam Path Cooling: Uses steam extraction to cool turbine components exposed to high temperatures.

10. Steam Supply System

• Steam Inlet: Point where high-pressure steam enters the turbine.
• Steam Extraction Points: Used for various purposes such as feedwater heating or process steam supply.

Maintenance and Overhaul Components

• Inspection Covers and Ports: Provide access for inspection and maintenance.
• Repairable Components: Includes parts such as blades and seals that may need periodic repair or replacement.

Each component in a steam turbine plays a crucial role in its efficient and reliable operation, ensuring continuous power generation for industrial and utility applications.