Steam Turbine Parts
1. Rotor
- Blades: Mounted on the rotor shaft, these are the primary components that extract energy from the steam.
- Moving Blades: Positioned around the circumference of the rotor, these blades are curved to efficiently convert the kinetic energy of steam into mechanical energy.
- Fixed Blades (Nozzles or Guide Vanes): Stationary blades that direct and control the flow of steam onto the moving blades.
2. Casing
- Cylinder: Houses the rotor and stator components.
- Inner Casing: Surrounds the rotor and provides structural support.
- Outer Casing: Encloses the inner casing and serves as a barrier against environmental elements.
3. Stator
- Diaphragms: Fixed structures that support the fixed blades and direct steam flow between stages.
- Interstage Seals: Prevents steam leakage between different stages of the turbine.
- Labyrinth Seals: Minimize steam leakage along the rotor shaft.
4. Bearings
- Journal Bearings: Support the weight of the rotor shaft and allow it to rotate smoothly.
- Thrust Bearings: Resist axial forces generated by the steam flow.
5. Shaft System
- Rotor Shaft: Transfers rotational energy from the turbine to the generator.
- Couplings: Connects the rotor shaft to other components such as the generator shaft.
6. Governor System
- Control Valves: Regulate the flow of steam into the turbine to control power output.
- Governor Mechanism: Monitors and adjusts turbine speed based on electrical demand.
7. Lubrication System
- Oil System: Provides lubrication to bearings and other moving parts to reduce friction and wear.
8. Instrumentation and Control
- Sensors: Monitor parameters such as temperature, pressure, and vibration for safe and efficient operation.
- Control System: Regulates turbine operation based on feedback from sensors and operator inputs.
9. Cooling System
- Steam Path Cooling: Uses steam extraction to cool turbine components exposed to high temperatures.
10. Steam Supply System
- Steam Inlet: Point where high-pressure steam enters the turbine.
- Steam Extraction Points: Used for various purposes such as feedwater heating or process steam supply.
Maintenance and Overhaul Components
- Inspection Covers and Ports: Provide access for inspection and maintenance.
- Repairable Components: Includes parts such as blades and seals that may need periodic repair or replacement.
Each component in a steam turbine plays a crucial role in its efficient and reliable operation, ensuring continuous power generation for industrial and utility applications.