Pipe fittings are components used to connect, terminate, control flow, or adapt the direction of piping systems. They play a crucial role in plumbing, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning), and industrial applications where fluid or gas transfer is necessary. Here are some common types of pipe fittings:

  1. Couplings: Join two pipes together.
  2. Elbows: Change the direction of pipe flow.
  3. Tees: Create a branch in the pipe.
  4. Reducers: Connect pipes of different sizes.
  5. Caps: Seal the end of a pipe.
  6. Adapters: Connect pipes of different materials or sizes.
  7. Unions: Allow for easy disconnection of pipes for maintenance or repairs.
  8. Crosses: Similar to tees but with four outlets instead of three.

Materials for fittings vary depending on the application and include metals like steel, copper, and brass, as well as plastics such as PVC and CPVC. Each material has its strengths and limitations in terms of pressure handling, corrosion resistance, and compatibility with different fluids.

Choosing the right fittings involves considering factors like pipe material, size, pressure rating, temperature, and environmental conditions. Proper installation and maintenance of fittings are essential for the efficiency and safety of piping systems.